Hypotheses:
THE THEORY OF CULTURE
E.A. Orlova. The anthropological foundations of scientific knowledge
Discussions:
IN SEARCH OF THE MEANING OF HISTORY AND CULTURE (A.Ya. Flier's section)
A.V. Kostin, A.Ya. Flier. Ternary functional model of culture (continued)
N.A. Khrenov. Russian culture at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries: the Gnostic "Renaissance" in the context of symbolism (continued)
V.M. Rozin. Some features of modern art
V.I. Ionesov. Memory of things in images and plots of cultural introspection
Analytics:
CULTURAL REFLECTIONS
A.Ya. Flier. Social and organizational functions of culture
M.I. Kozyakova. The Ancient cosmos and its evolution: ritual, spectacle, entertainment
N.A. Malshina. The post-non-classical paradigm in the study of the Russian cultural industry: A new type of rationality and value system
N.A. Khrenov. A Century later: the tragic experience of Soviet Culture (continued)
Announcement of the next issue
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Tolstokorova Alissa Valerievna,
PhD in Philology, Associate Professor,
Research expert,
International School for Equal Opportunities
Kyiv, Ukraine
e-mail: alicetol@yahoo.com, talissa@ukr.net
Swans on the Pavement:
Women’s Spatial Emancipation in the Context of Development of
Female Urban Culture at the Turn of the 19th – 20th Centuries
Abstract. The paper analyzes the specificity of development of such an important but understudied historical trend as the acquisition by women of spatial and physical freedom in the public sphere on the edge of the 19th-20th centuries. The key research question being the significance of gender and socio-spatial factors in the formation of female urban culture throughout modernity, the author introduces an analytical concept of “women’s spatial emancipation”.
Key words. women’s spatial emancipation, female urban culture, gendered mental maps, gendered co-spatiality, new paradigm of spatial self-identification by women, flâneur, feminine cultural milieu in a megalopolis.
[1] Alexander Ch. (Ed.) An Edition of The Early Writings of Charlotte Brontë, 2 vols. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986, vol. 1. Р. 313-314.
[2] Florensky P.A. Absolute Spatiality // Articles and studies on the History of the Philosophy of Art and Archeology. М.: Mysl, 2000. P. 274–296; Florensky P.A.. The Analysis of Spatiality and Time in Fine Arts // Ibid. P. 81–259.
[3] Flier A. Ya. Culture as Environment: an Experience of Analytical Structuration // Culture of Culture, № 1, 2014. [e-resource] URL: http://cult-cult.ru/kulitura-kak-sreda-opyt-analiticheskogo-strukturirovaniya.
[4] Davidson C., Hatcher J. (Eds.) No More Separate Spheres!: A Next Wave American Studies Reader. Durham: Duke University Press, 2002; Walker L. Vistas of Pleasure: women consumers of urban space in the West End of London 1850-1900 // Women in the Victorian Art World / Ed. C. Campbell Orr. Р. 70-85. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995. P. 70-85.
[5] Alpern Engel B. Women and Urban Culture // Women in Nineteenth-Century Russia. Lives and Culture / Eds. W. Rosslyn, A. Tosi. Cambridge: Open Books Publisher, 2012. P. 19-40 (25, 27).
[6] Tolstokorova A.V. Spatial Emancipation of Ukrainian Women as A Way of Imprinting in Public Space // Culture and Art, № 5 (11), 2012. P. 46-58.
[7] Braidotti R. Nomadic Subject: Embodiment and Sexual Differences in Contemporary Feminist Theory. New York, 1994. [e-resource] URL: http://www.archive.org/stream/viaggiodamilano01amorgoog#page/n10/mode/2up.
[8] Walkovitz J.R. City of Dreadful Delight: Narratives of Sexual Danger in Late-Victorian London. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992; Wilson E. The Sphinx in the City. London: Virago, 1991.
[9] McCrone K. Sport and Physical emancipation of English Women, 1870-1914. London: Routledge, 1988.
[10] Kolesnikova T. S. Everyday Life and Culture in the 19th-Century Europe // The Analytics of Culturology. Electronic scientific publication, № 2, issue 17, 2010. [e-resource] URL: http://analiculturolog.ru/component/k2/item/212-article_24.html.
[11] Reynolds S. Paris–Edinburgh. Cultural Connections in the Belle Époque. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. P. 170.
[12] Thomson Ch. Un troisième sexe: les bourgeoises et la bicyclette dans la France fin-de-ciècle // Le mouvement social. No 192. 2000. P. 9-40.
[13] Busiko Shopping Centre was a maximally gendered close urban space. It was the first store where business strategy was oriented toward manipulating gender and age features of shoppers. At the exit ladies were presented with flowers and children with balloons. Women’s sections differed from men’s ones in layout, as it is a well-known fact that women don’t like to look up and into the distance, giving preference to small premises with many display windows and things that can be carefully faced at arm’s length. Men, on the contrary, feel more comfortable in large rooms, where products are seen from afar. It is widely thought that it is gender features related to spatial perception that people feel uncomfortably in rooms meant for representatives of the opposite sex. Busiko took advantage of it. The store also took into account that a man will be waiting for his lady in a bar and will spend some money while she is scrupulously selecting a required product, with the bar being located on the upper floor to make the man’s way to it longer. See: Shifrin M.E. Shopping against Revolution // Around the World, № 12 (2867), 2012. P. 92-101.
[14] Zamyatin D.N. Co-Spatiality and Identity // The World of Phycology: Methodological Journal, №1 (69), 2012. P. 1s04-123.
[15] Shifrin M..Ye. Op. cit.; McBride Th.М. A Woman's World: Department Stores and the Evolution of Women's Employment, 1870–1920 // French Historical Studies, vol. 10, № 4, 1978. P. 664-683.
[16] McBride Th.М. Op. cit. P. 6.
[17] Wann D., Graaf J., Naylor T. Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic. Translated from English by N. Makarova. Ekaterinburg. Ultra. Culture, 2005.
[18] Guide to Paris, the Exhibition and the Assembly. London, Edinburgh: Paris International Assembly, 1900. P. 28.
[19] Besen Y. Book Review: Shopping for Pleasure: Women in the Making of London’s West End // Journal of International Women's Studies, vol. 6, issue 2, article 11. P. 156-159.
[20] Khrenov N.A. Mythology of Leisure Time. М.: Gos. Respubl. Tsentr Russkogo Folklora, 1998. P. 241-250.
[21] Prochasson Сh. Paris 1900: essai d’historie culturelle. Paris: Calmann-Lévi, 1999. P. 58.
[22] Pepchinski M. The Woman’s Building and the World Exhibitions: Exhibition Architecture and Conflicting Feminine Ideals at European and American World Exhibitions, 1873 – 1915 // Subject, 2000, № 1.
[23] Kuznetsova S. To Put a Woman Into an Oven: Who Relished a Young Woman’s Skin in Russia? // Kommersant daily, 11.05.2015. [e-resource] URL: http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2713627.
[24] Baedeker K. Paris Guide. Leipzig: Baedeker, 1904. P. 23.
[25] O'Connell H. “A Raking Pot of Tea”: Consumption and Excess in Early Nineteenth-Century Ireland // Literature and History, vol. 21, issue 2, 2012. P. 32-47; Cusack T. Regulation and Excess: Women and tea-drinking in nineteenth-century Britain. Paper for the Dublin Gastronomy Symposium “Cravings/Desire”. Dublin Institute of Technology, School of Culinary Arts & Food Technology, 3-4 June 2014.
[26] Trubina E. G. Megapolis in Theory: than Experience of Understanding Space. M.: Novoye Literaturnoye Obozreniye, 2011.
[27] Murail E. Beyond the Flâneur Walking, Passage and Crossing in London and Paris in the Nineteenth Century. Theses of PhD dissertation. King’s College London, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2013. P. 78-88.
[28] Culturological Guidebook «Hreshatnik». Kiev: Publishing House «Amadei», 1997 (Cited after: Makarov А. The Street of Thousand Shops // Project «Vash Kiev»: Stary Kiev, 2005-2007. [e-resource] URL: http://www.oldkiev.info/progulki_ulicami_Kieva/Vulicya_tisyachi_magaziniv.html.
[29] Liggins E. George Gissing, the Working Woman and Urban Culture. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006; Walkowitz J.R. Going public: Shopping, Street Harassment, and Streetwalking in Late Victorian London // Representations, issue 62, 1998. P. 1–30; Rappaport E.D. Shopping for Pleasure: Women in the Making of London’s West End. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2000.
[30] Here cultural environment is considered by the author, after A. Flier, as “specific space of people’s ritualized social behavior which is formed and operates in several processes of collective living”, first of all, of cultural regulation [3].
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ISSN 2311-3723
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