Tolstokorova Alissa Valeryevna
PhD in Philology, Associate Professor,
Independent scholar,
Kyiv, Ukraine
е-mail: alicetol@yahoo.com, talissa@ukr.net

The Protest of Turtles Against Hares of Progress:
La Flâneuse As a «New Urban Woman» in the Context of Femalе Spatial Emancipation in the Age of Modernity

Abstract. The article sets off to study the phenomenon of la flâneuse as a «new woman» and a gendered symbol of Modernity. The author investigates it viewed in the process of the women’s acquiring the right to spatial emancipation in the context of development of female urban culture in the age of Modernity.

Key words: la flâneuse, new woman, Modernity, female spatial emancipation, female urban culture.
 

[1] Gleber A. The Art of Taking a Walk: Flanerie, Literature, and Film in Weimar Culture. Princeton University Press, 1998. P. 67.
[2] Tolstokorova A.V. Swans on the Pavement: Women’s Spatial Emancipation in the Context of Development of Female Urban Culture at the Turn of the 19th – 20th Centuries // Culture of Culture. 2016. №4.
[3] Travin D.Ya., Marganiya O.V. European Modernization: 2 books. М.: АSТ; SPb.: Теrrа Fantastica, 2004.
[4] Tolstokorova A.V. Spatial Emancipation of Ukrainian Women as A Way of Imprinting in Public Space // Culture and Art, № 5 (11), 2012. P. 46-58.
46-58; Tolstokorova A.V. It’s All About Hat: The Role of Spatial Emancipation in Gender Democracy of Body Image of the Ukrainian Urban Woman in the late 19th-early 20th Centuries. [e-resource] // Labyrinth. Journal of Social and Humanitarian Research. 2012. № 4. P. 52-71. URL: http://journal-labirint.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/tolstokorova.pdf; Tolstokorova A.V.
The Role of Spatial Emancipation in Developing Gender Identity of Educated Ukrainian Women in the late 19th-early 20th Centuries. [e-resource] // Man and Culture. 2013. № 1. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/ca/article_316.html.
[5] Tolstokorova A.V. Transnational and Gender Paradigm in Studying International Mobility (through the example of Ukraine) // Sociological Review. Vol. 12. 2013. № 2. P. 98-121.
[6] Franck K.A., Paxson L. Women and Urban Public Space // Public Places and Spaces. Ed. I. Altman, E.H. Zube. New York: Plenum Press, 1989. P. 121-146.
[7] Weddle S. Women’s Place in the Family and the Convent: A Consideration of Public and Pprivate in Renaissance Florence // Journal of Architectural Education, vol. 55. 2001. № 2. P. 64-72.
[8] Ünsal G. N. From “Inside” to “Outside”; from “Clan” to “City” // Kadin/Woman 2000, vol. 6. 2008. № 1. P. 29-47.
[9] Monk J. Gender in the Landscape: Expressions of Power and Meaning // Inventing Places. Eds. K. Anderson, F. Gale. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1992. P. 123-138.
[10] England K.V.L. Gender Relations and the Spatial Structure of the City // Geoforum, vol. 22, 1991. P. 135-147; MсDowell L. Towards an Understanding of the Gender Division of Urban Space // Environment and Planning D, № 1, 1983. P. 59-72; Miller R. The Hoover in the Garden: Middle-Class Women and Suburbanization, 1850-1920 // Environment and Planning D, № 1, 1983. P. 73-87.
[11] Malysheva S. Yu. Leisure Space of a Provincial Town: Kazan of the late 19th–early 20th Century // Dialogue with Time. 2010. № 30. P. 305-336 (326).
[12] Semenov M.Yu., Menshikova E.V. A New Type of Woman in Cultural Entertainment of the late 19th–early 20th Century Russian Provincial Town (on the example of theatre life) // Woman in Russian Society. 2014. № 2. P. 29-35.
[13] Tolstokorova A. Women’s Professionalization as an Entrance into the Public Space in Ukraine: A Historical Retrospective // World History Bulletin, vol. XXVI, 2010. P. 59-65.
[14]Mitsuk N.A. Education Not Only for Salon Conversations. The Phenomenon of Provincial Girls’ Boarding Schools // Woman in Russian Society. 2012. № 2. P. 3-10.
[15] Semenov M.Yu., Menshikova E.V. Ор. cit.
[16] Engl. – The Girls’ Newspaper
[17] Ageeva Ye.A. The Peculiarities of Women’s Consumer Behavior in the Russian Luxury Market during the First World War // Woman in Russian Society. 2015. № 3/4 (76/77). P. 147-158.
[18] Gleber A. Ор. cit.
[19] Here the term of cultural environment is interpreted according to A. Flier’s theory as “a specific space of ritualized social behavior, being developed during several processes of collective life-sustaining activities”, in this case, first of all, cultural regulation. See: Flier A.Ya. Culture As Environment: A New Analytical Structuring // Culture of Culture. 2014. № 1. [e-resource]. URL:  http://cult-cult.ru/kulitura-kak-sreda-opyt-analiticheskogo-strukturirovaniya/.
[20] Benjamin W. The Return of the Flâneur (1929) // Walter Benjamin, Selected Writings II, 1927-1934. Eds. M.W. Jennings, H. Eiland, G. Smith / Trans. R. Livingstone. Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 1999.
[21] Tester K. Introduction // The Flânuer. Ed. K. Tester. London: Routledge, 1994. P. 1-21 (15).
[22] Trubina E.G. The City in Theory: A New Understanding of Space. М.: Novoye Literarturnoye Obozreniye, 2011. [23] Wilson E. The Sphinx in the City. Virago: London, 1991. P. 110.
[24] Sperber R. The Discourse of Flanerie in Antonio Muñoz Molina’s Texts. London: Bucknell University Press, 2015.
[25] Iskin R. The Flâneuse in French Fin-de-ciècle Posters: Advertizing Images of Modern Women in Paris // The Invisible Flâneuse: Gender, Public space and Visual Culture in Nineteenth Century Paris. Eds. A. D’Souza, T. McDonough. Manchester & New York: Manchester University Press, 2006. P. 113-128 (122).
[26] Wilson E. The Invisible Flâneur // New Left Review, I /191, 1992. P. 90-110.
[27] Iskin R. The Pan-European Flâneuse in Fin-de-Siècle Posters: Advertising Modern Woman in the City // Nineteenth Century Contexts. 2003. № 25. P. 333-356.
[28] Gleber A. Ор. cit.
[29] Liggins E. George Gissing, the Working Woman and Urban Culture. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006. P. XXX.
[30] Walkovitz J.R. Going Public: Shopping, street harassment, and streetwalking in late Victorian London // Representations, № 62, 1998. P. 1-30; Rappaport E.D. Shopping for Pleasure: Women in the Making of London’s West End. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2000.
[31] Wilson E. Ор. cit.
[32] Elkin L. Flâneuse. Women Walk the City in Paris, New York, Tokyo, Venice and London. London: Chatto & Windus, 2016.
[33] Friedberg A. Window Shopping. Cinema and the Postmodern. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
[34] Tester К. Ор. cit. P. 18.
[35] Gleber A. Female Flaneire and the Symphony of the City // Women in the Metropolis: Gender and Modernity in Weimar Culture (Weimar and Now: German Cultural Criticism). Ed. K. von Ankum. Berkley: University of California Press, 1997. P. 67- 88 (71).
[36] Khremov N.A. The Mythology of Leisure. М.: State Republic Center of Russian Folklore, 1998. P. 241-250.
[37] Tolstokorova A.V. Swans on the Pavement
[38] Iskin R. Ор. cit.
[39] Tolstokorova A.V. A Lady in a Coach: Female Geographical Mobility and Spatial Emancipation in Fiction of Modernity. //Culture and Text.2016. № 4 (27). P. 134-161.
[40] A free interpretation of neologism loiterаture. See: Ross Ch. Loiterature. Lincoln & London: University of Nebraska Press, 1999.
[41] Maupassant G. de. Bel-Ami. М.: Publishing Association «Andronum», 2016. P. 11.
[42] The last novels were published posthumously.
[43] Brontë C. Villette / Translated by. L. Orel, Ye. Surits. М.: Publishing house “Pravda”, 1990. P. 60.
[44] Tolstokorova A.V. A Lady in a Coach.
[45] Brontë C. Ор. cit.
[46] Iskin R. Ор. cit.
[47] Gleber A. Ор. cit.
[48] Ibid.
[49] Tolstokorova A.V. Swans on the Pavement
[38] Iskin R. Ор. cit.
[50] Ibid.
[51] Walkovitz J.R. City of Dreadful Delight: Narratives of Sexual Danger in Late-Victorian London. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.